Partition of Bengal 1905, Swadeshi Movement 1905, Formation of Muslim League 1906, Surat Split 1907 PSC Study Materials
Partition of Bengal in 1905
![Partition of Bengal 1905 Partition of Bengal 1905](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2UWQzTspSpyvqb-uxHsLdhVBd1wwyzW9Z_S39cD7gZPdvEJZ1Tr7Rs8i-dRQ16EevqZ2O1HoORJhyzF9TBuju6xPH5WFUEXGZTanhTmgeThC8HjPCRzgFnpNdycBKN_mDb63Du8toBRYs/s1600/partition+of+bengal.jpg)
- The partition of Bengal in 1905 provided a spark for the rise of extremism in the Indian National Movement.
- On the same day when the partition came into effect, 16 October 1905, the people of Bengal organized protest meetings
- The whole political life of Bengal underwent a change.
- The anti-partition movement culminated into the Swadeshi Movement and spread to other parts of India.
- Viceroy during Partition of Bengal - Lord Curzon
Swadeshi Movement 1905
![](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJAZNaiaMs6t81sJ39n8CkXJBjgayhf9E-3uIlbuJyo1WqatHORLJMXbkG_N-XJOsW-l8IO-OksSQqrYz6z_PanxN8CHN18C4PDauiEMXAce1Uvcoi4yHMCMiOeTc9Bz5dCe9F292caVFV/s320/swadeshi+movement+1.jpg)
- Partition of Bengal paved the way for the birth of the Swadeshi Movement, an economic boycott.
- Swadeshi, literally means of “one’s own country”. It aimed at the promotion of native industries.
- Inspired by Swadeshi movement, many people boycotted British goods, especially textiles. They promote, indigenous industries.
- They collected the foreign clothes and burnt them to ashes in the central parts of the cities.
- A large number of young men left their studies and joined this movement
- They adopted the Slogan Vande Matharam
- In the South, V.O. Chidambaram Pillai of Tuticorin, popularly known as V.O.C., established the Swadeshi Steam Navigation Company for carrying trade between India and Ceylon.
- The Swadeshi Movement was a great success.
- In Bengal, even the landlords joined the movement.
- The women and students took to picketing. Students refused using books made of foreign paper.
![Swadeshi Movement Swadeshi Movement](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizH1bVnTTNVyVw6XNrqFqZMq4aiajwJDUsHGIfak8dReompLkkoV6wuFaTUnOoIan03YsDfyFF5t3qAMWZFMww6ToqSF859jj9jK-Hd8Vf_3OShGPprQv5_2jyRftuG-GdzvkD8hcYS2yH/s320/swadeshi+movement+2.jpg)
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- Extremist leaders Bala Gangadhar Tilak, Lala Lajpat Rai, Bipin Chandra Pal and Aurobindo Ghosh were imprisoned and deported.
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Formation of the Muslim League – 1906
![Formation of Muslim League 1906 Formation of Muslim League 1906](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1c8T3idfKFb8GJrvmqVYMl7kF1ylxwsP6OvYTpOUacFxImCtM64sHUEofY5talmOpGrRSn7FBqOC6O_4_zx0abVjVuvHiUroqG2knoLdQYLGv8Z5YFoO0MRlPMnIv5_rI6L_uL7GQjOBX/s1600/muslim+league+1906.jpg)
- The foundation of Indian National Congress created a fear among the Muslims.
- A large number of educated Muslims also felt the need for a separate organization to represent the interests of the Muslims.
- The British who followed the policy of Divide and Rule accepted the demand of the Muslims.
- The Muslim League was set up under the leadership of Salimullah Khan, the Nawab of Dacca, in 1906.
- The Muslim League aimed to protect the rights of the Muslims and to remain loyal to the British Government
Surat Split 1907
- The aggressive nationalists forced Dadabhai Naoroji to speak of Swaraj (which was not a Moderate demand) in the Calcutta Session of Congress in 1906.
- They adopted the resolutions of Boycott and Swadeshi.
- The Moderate Congressmen were unhappy. They wanted Swaraj to be achieved through constitutional methods.
- The differences led to a split in the Congress at the Surat session in 1907.
- Rift arose between them over the election of the Congress President at the Surat Session in 1907.
- Dr. Rash Behari Ghosh was elected in the session but extremists had an objection to this election.
- In 1907, Surat Session: The two main objectives placed by the extremists were
- Demand for the resolution of Swaraj
- Lala Lajpat Rai to be made the President of the INC
- The Extremist camp was led by Lal Bal Pal and the moderate camp was led by Gopal Krishna Gokhle.
- The extremists came out of the Congress led by Tilak and others.
![Lal Bal Pal Lal Bal Pal](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9XDoXGDBRJlH9ZVBk4V_TXeGDlwd9KHAeoNU5zuGdzyOS6GK8UOp9s5bPFmTVGm6-NcR0ifkhA1xLJ1_wCejaSe653DSPL59tjqKCcrRY8P6Gu8csGrZS14b-Alr18Ct5QjGTguJOJDfN/s1600/lal+bal+pal+surat+split.jpg)
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